Paginate aggressively with stable cursors. Batch idempotent writes. Prefer streaming over chatty polling. Cache non-sensitive lookups with eviction policies you can explain. Eliminate N+1 queries in hot paths. Measure p95 and p99 end-to-end, then fix the biggest offender before micro-optimizing comfortable, low-impact areas.
Use timeouts that reflect real provider latencies, with hedging carefully applied. Backpressure queues before databases. Apply circuit breakers that degrade experiences gracefully. Prefer bulkheads and isolation over shared contention. Prove behavior under exhaustion using synthetic load, shaping tools, and honest postmortems that drive action.
Model per-transaction costs across authorization, clearing, FX, and disputes. Track egress, storage, and observability overhead. Prefer provider features that replace bespoke maintenance-heavy code. Expose marginal cost in dashboards so product can prioritize value, sunset loss-making features, and negotiate volume tiers with data-backed confidence.
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